Would you be the same person if you'd grown up in different surroundings?
如果你在不同的环境中长大，你会是同一个人吗?
How might you be different if you'd grown up in an urban versus a rural environment, or in a different country altogether?
如果你在城市与农村环境中长大，或者在完全不同的国家长大，你可能会有什么不同？
This is the age-old, nature-nurture debate that has had people pondering for many years.
这是一个古老的天性与教养的辩论，让人们思考了很多年。
Is your personality written in your genes or shaped by your experience?
你的个性是写在基因里，还是由你的经历塑造？
Most experts agree that it is a combination of both.
大多数专家同意是两者的结合。
Let's hear about ways this can be put to the test.
让我们听听如何可以对此进行测试。
A common way is to study twin pairs, because if personality came only from genes, you might expect identical twins to have the same, or a very similar, personality.
一个常见的方法是研究双胞胎对，因为如果个性仅仅来自基因，你可能期望同卵双胞胎有相同或非常相似的个性。
Research called 'Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies' looked at 14 million twin pairs in 39 countries.
一项名为“基于五十年双胞胎研究的人类特质遗传率的元分析”的研究调查了39个国家的1400万对双胞胎。
Do identical twins, who share almost identical DNA, have more similar personalities than non-identical twins, who share about half?
拥有几乎相同DNA的同卵双胞胎是否比共享大约一半DNA的异卵双胞胎有更相似的个性？
By comparing the two, the authors concluded that about 50% of the differences between people can be explained by genetic factors, meaning that our genes play a significant role in shaping who we are, but our environment and experiences are just as important.
通过比较两者，作者得出结论，人与人之间大约50%的差异可以由遗传因素解释，这意味着我们的基因在塑造我们是谁方面起着重要作用，但我们的环境和经历同样重要。
Other studies looked to see whether personality traits were more prevalent in certain geographical regions than in others.
其他研究关注是否某些人格特质在某些地理区域比其他区域更普遍。
For example, in a 2015 study called 'Regional Personality Differences in Great Britain', researchers investigated how the 'Big Five' personality traits, which include extraversion, openness and agreeableness, were geographically distributed.
例如，在2015年一项名为“英国地区人格差异”的研究中，研究人员调查了包括外向性、开放性和宜人性在内的“大五”人格特质如何在地理上分布。
They found there were areas where each trait was more prevalent.
他们发现有些区域每个特质更为普遍。
For example, agreeableness, which is about friendliness and trust, was more prevalent in the Scottish Highlands and Northern England – more rural areas with lower population densities.
例如，关于友好和信任的宜人性在苏格兰高地和英格兰北部——人口密度较低的更农村地区更为普遍。
Whereas openness, which is associated with curiosity and intellect, was more prevalent in urban, densely populated areas like London, Manchester and Brighton, suggesting that a person's environment can help to foster various traits.
而开放性与好奇心和才智相关，在像伦敦、曼彻斯特和布莱顿这样的城市、人口稠密地区更为普遍，这表明一个人的环境可以帮助培养各种特质。
While our DNA provides a starting point, it is only part of the jigsaw puzzle that makes our personality.
虽然我们的DNA提供了一个起点，但它只是构成我们人格拼图的一部分。
As we go through life, we encounter obstacles, we make mistakes, and we learn what we enjoy through experience – all of which can change how we interact with the world.
在我们经历生活的过程中，我们遇到障碍，犯错，并通过经验了解自己喜欢什么——所有这些都会改变我们与世界互动的方式。
