Near London's Gatwick Airport lies Knepp Castle Estate, a 3,500-acre former intensive farm owned by Charlie Burrell that has been "rewilded," meaning it has been allowed to return to a natural, uncultivated state.
伦敦盖特威克机场附近坐落着克内普城堡庄园，这是一个占地3500英亩的前集约化农场，由查理·伯勒尔拥有，已被“再野生化”，意味着它被允许恢复到自然、未开垦的状态。
In just over a decade, nature has recovered remarkably.
在仅仅十多年的时间里，大自然显著地恢复了。
Cropped fields have become open grassland, hedges have grown wide and wild, and animals such as deer now roam freely.
收割过的田地变成了开阔的草原，树篱长得又宽又野，像鹿这样的动物现在自由漫步。
The estate hosts more purple emperor butterflies than anywhere else in Britain and is believed to be the only place where the rapidly declining turtle dove population is increasing.
这个庄园拥有比英国任何地方都多的紫帝王蝶，并且被认为是唯一一个迅速减少的斑鸠数量在增加的地方。
Despite its ecological success, rewilding remains controversial in Britain.
尽管其生态成功，再野生化在英国仍然有争议。
Some farmers and conservationists resist the idea, and even animals like beavers cause debate.
一些农民和保护主义者抵制这个想法，甚至像海狸这样的动物也引发争论。
While beavers are officially recognised in Scotland, their reintroduction in England is still restricted to trials.
虽然海狸在苏格兰得到官方认可，但它们在英格兰的重新引入仍然仅限于试验。
Other European countries, such as the Netherlands, faced similar resistance decades ago, but rewilding has since become widely accepted there.
其他欧洲国家，如荷兰，几十年前面临类似的阻力，但再野生化自此在那里被广泛接受。
In Britain, rewilding is often associated with the return of large predators, but in practice it mainly involves restoring grazing animals such as ponies and deer.
在英国，再野生化通常与大型捕食者的回归联系在一起，但实际上它主要涉及恢复放牧动物，如小马和鹿。
Earlier ecological theories suggested that rewilding would lead to dense forests and a loss of open-habitat species.
早期的生态理论认为，再野生化会导致茂密的森林和开阔栖息地物种的丧失。
However, research has shown that natural grazing creates a varied landscape of grassland and woodland, supporting greater biodiversity.
然而，研究表明自然放牧创造了多样化的草原和林地景观，支持更大的生物多样性。
In Scotland, rewilding often focuses on restoring native forests, though experts stress that projects must be led by local communities to gain political support.
在苏格兰，再野生化通常侧重于恢复原生森林，尽管专家强调项目必须由当地社区领导以获得政治支持。
For Burrell, rewilding was a practical response to poor soil and unprofitable farming.
对伯勒尔来说，再野生化是对贫瘠土壤和无利可图的农业的实用回应。
Ecotourism at Knepp now earns as much as the farm once did, even as conventional farm incomes fall.
克内普的生态旅游现在赚的钱和农场曾经一样多，即使传统农场收入下降。
Yet few farmers have followed his example, partly due to concerns about food production and perceptions that rewilded land looks untidy.
然而很少有农民效仿他的例子，部分原因是担心粮食生产，以及认为再野生化的土地看起来凌乱。
Critics argue that rewilding abandons farmland when global food demand is rising.
批评者认为，再野生化在全球粮食需求上升时放弃了农田。
Supporters respond that food production is becoming more intensive on the best land, allowing less productive areas to return to nature.
支持者回应说，粮食生产在最好的土地上变得更加集约化，允许生产力较低的地区回归自然。
They also point out that fewer people are willing to work in traditional farming, while urban populations increasingly value nature for recreation and experience rather than production.
他们还指出，越来越少的人愿意从事传统农业，而城市人口越来越重视自然的休闲和体验而非生产。
Some environmentalists question whether rewilding connects strongly enough with city life.
一些环保主义者质疑再野生化是否与城市生活有足够的联系。
Others argue it can benefit urban areas by reducing flooding, as intensive farming contributes to soil loss and flood damage.
其他人认为它可以通过减少洪水使城市地区受益，因为集约化农业导致土壤流失和洪水损害。
There are also concerns that rewilding might replace targeted protection of rare species, though many agree both approaches are necessary.
也有人担心再野生化可能取代对稀有物种的针对性保护，尽管许多人同意两种方法都是必要的。
Overall, projects like Knepp are widely seen as valuable examples of how rewilding could reshape the countryside.
总的来说，像克内普这样的项目被广泛视为再野生化如何重塑乡村的有价值的例子。
