A recent study published in Nature Aging suggests that humanity is reaching the upper limit of life expectancy.
最近发表在《自然·衰老》上的一项研究表明，人类正接近预期寿命的上限。
According to the researchers, advances in medical technology and genetics are no longer producing large overall increases in lifespan.
研究人员表示，医疗技术和遗传学的进步不再带来寿命的大幅整体增长。
S. Jay Olshansky of the University of Illinois-Chicago, the study’s lead author, said there is likely a biological limit to human longevity.
该研究的主要作者、伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的S·杰伊·奥尔尚斯基表示，人类寿命可能存在生物学极限。
He added that societies may need to rethink retirement age and financial planning.
他补充说，社会可能需要重新考虑退休年龄和财务规划。
Mark Hayward of the University of Texas, who was not involved in the research, described the study as a valuable contribution and agreed that life expectancy is reaching a plateau, although future breakthroughs remain possible.
未参与该研究的德克萨斯大学马克·海沃德称这项研究是一项宝贵贡献，并同意预期寿命正趋于平稳，尽管未来仍可能出现突破。
Life expectancy estimates the average number of years a newborn can expect to live, assuming current death rates remain unchanged.
预期寿命估计新生儿在假设当前死亡率保持不变的情况下预期能活的平均年数。
While it is a key global health measure, it cannot account for unexpected developments such as pandemics or new medical treatments.
虽然它是全球健康的关键指标，但无法考虑意外发展，如流行病或新的医疗方法。
The researchers analyzed life expectancy data from 1990 to 2019 using a database from the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.
研究人员使用马克斯·普朗克人口研究所的数据库分析了1990年至2019年的预期寿命数据。
They focused on eight regions with the longest lifespans: Australia, France, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain and Switzerland.
他们关注了寿命最长的八个地区：澳大利亚、法国、香港、意大利、日本、韩国、西班牙和瑞士。
The United States, though not in the top 40, was included because earlier predictions suggested major gains there.
美国虽然不在前40名，但被纳入研究，因为早期的预测表明那里可能有重大增长。
Women continue to live longer than men, but improvements have slowed.
女性继续比男性活得更长，但改善速度已经放缓。
From 1990, life expectancy increased by about 2.5 years per decade, but by the 2010s the gain had fallen to about 1.5 years, and nearly zero in the U.S.
从1990年起，预期寿命每十年增加约2.5年，但到2010年代，增长已降至约1.5年，在美国几乎为零。
Factors such as drug overdoses, gun violence, obesity and unequal health care complicate U.S. life expectancy trends.
药物过量、枪支暴力、肥胖和不平等的医疗保健等因素使美国的预期寿命趋势复杂化。
Even when researchers estimated a scenario in which all deaths before age 50 were eliminated, the maximum gain in life expectancy across all regions was only about 1.5 years.
即使研究人员估计了一个消除50岁前所有死亡的场景，所有地区的预期寿命最大增长也只有约1.5年。
This suggests that aging itself limits further progress.
这表明衰老本身限制了进一步的进展。
Although more people are reaching age 100, this is largely due to population growth.
虽然更多人活到100岁，但这主要归因于人口增长。
In 2019, about two percent of Americans reached 100, compared with five percent in Japan and nine percent in Hong Kong.
2019年，约2%的美国人活到100岁，相比之下，日本为5%，香港为9%。
The share of people living that long is expected to remain limited, with fewer than 15 percent of women and 5 percent of men reaching 100 in most countries.
活到那么久的人口比例预计仍将有限，在大多数国家，不到15%的女性和5%的男性能活到100岁。
